Newspapers / The University of North … / April 11, 1928, edition 1 / Page 1
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The news in this publi cation is reletised for the press on receipt. the university of north CAROLINA NEWS LETTER Published Weekly by the University of North Caro lina for the University Ex tension Division. APRIL 11, 1928 CHAPEL HILL, N. C. THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA PRESS VOL. XIV, No. 22 Editorial Boardt E. C. Branson. S. H. Hobbs, Jr.. P. W. Waster. L. R. Wilson. E. W. Knijjht. D. D. Carroll, H. W. Odum. Entered as aecond-clsss matter November 14. 1914, at the PostofRce at Chapel Hill. N. C.. under the act of August 24. 1912. INCOME IN THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL INCOME According to estimates of the Na tional Bureau of Economic Research the current income of the American people in 1926 was $89,682,000,000. This stupendous total broke all previous records. It represents an average in come of $766 for every man, woman, and child in the United States, or an average of $2,010 for every person gainfully occupied. In terms of pur chasing power the average worker was receiving 36 percent more in 1926 than in 1921. New inventions and greater skill and organization are among the causes to which is ascribed this general increase in economic welfare in the face of a constantly growing popula tion and a relatively inelastic supply of natural rei^ources. Current income is defined as “the excess of cash receipts over business expenses, f lus the money value of in come received in the form of commodi ties. It is estimated by summating (1) wages, salaries and pensions, (2) prof its withdrawn from business, (3) dividends, interest, and rent received by individuals, (4) the rental value of homes occupied by their owners, (6) interest upon the sums invested in household furnishings, clothing, and the like, and (6) the value of com modities which families produce for their own consumption.” The total current income of the United States for each year since 1909 is indicated below. The margin of error in the estimates for the recent years is perhaps considerable. No estimate for 1927 is yet available. Current 1913 Year Dollars Dollars (Millions) (Millions) 1909 27,100 28,200 1910 .28,400 29,100 1911 29,000 29,300 1912 30,600 30,800 1913 32,000 32,000 1914 31,600 31,300 1916 32,700 32,000 1916 39,200. 36,600 1917 48,600 37,300 1918 56,000 35,500 1919 67,264 37,600 1920 74,158 36,300 1921 62,736 36,200 1922 66,667 40.400 1923 76,769 46,900 1924 79.366 48,400 1926 86,461 61,100 1926 89,682 62,900 In the table which appears elsewhere in this issue the states are ranked ac cording to the income per capita. Nevada, as is so often the case when states arp ranked on a per capita basis, leads. Apparently wealth is rather general in that mountain state. New York and Massachusetts follow next in order but of course not all of the in come reported in these states is pro duced there. None of the eighteen states in which the per capita incomes exceed the United States average are Southern states and only six are west of the Mississippi. Nevertheless, several agricultural states show high average per capita incomes. Some of these are Wyoming $960; Oregon $848; Washington $840; Iowa $768; Kansas $763; Indiana $726. None of the Southern states ranks high in per capita income. Texas makes the best showing of any South ern state and its per capita income, $611, is lower than that of any state outside the South except South Dakota. Alabama occupies the lowest place in the table, its income being equivalent to only $383 per capita. North Caro lina ranks forty-fourth with $430 of income per capita. Eleven Southern states, including Texas, have less aggregate income than the single state of New York. VIRGINIA’S NEW ERA The Virginia .Legislature Saturday “enacted more laws of first-rate importance with leas effort and conten tion than any Legislature in the memory of this generation,” declares The Richmond News-Leader, taking nearly a column to summarize the session’s accomplishments. It codified the banking acts and the tax laws, reduced taxes by $1,400,000, made provision for a war memorial, appro priated $1,000,000 for the Shenandoah National Park, gave more than $3,000,- 000 for new buildings at the State col leges and the hospitals for the insane, enacted progressive legislation with reference to development of Virginia’s water-power, strengthened the game laws, gave the Governor increased power to prevent and punish lynching, provided for airports, enlarged the State highway system, raised the pay of jurors from $1.60 to $2.60 per day, removed some of the objectionable features from the absent voters’ law, authorized retirement pay to judges at the end of long service, approved various proposed constitutional amend ments including the short ballot, in creased gasoline tax from 4,-2 to 5 cents, authorized measures to regulate gasoline prices and insurance rates and kept its budget within the anticipated revenues. None of the legislation may be epochal in itself—indeed, all of it taken together may be less than revolu tionary; but the thing that is of the largest significance is the attitude of the people of Virginia toward this “program of progress” initiated by Governor Byrd. The fact is that Virginia’s outlook has been transformed in the past two years more completely, we think, than that of any other Southern state in this period. The public there has caught a new vision of opportunity and is keenly alive to everything that makes for the state’s advancement. The whole spirit is indeed in such shin ing contrast to that against which Virginia had been struggling that it is impossible to avoid the feeling that this man Byrd must be a magician.— Asheville Citizen. A BANKER’S PRAYER Traylor, the able Chicago banker and president of the American Bankers’ Association, has the vision and imagination and sense of per spective without which there are no great men. He doesn’t think much in terms of money and he doesn’t confine his talk to the terms of banking. In a recent address, made to other bankers, he said, pointing to the future: “My hope is that we may be rich without forgetting to be righteous; that we may have leisure without license; that we may be powerful without being offensively proud; that we may be nationally minded without being narrow minded; and finally, that we may livein a world of fact without surrendering our faith.”—Grove Patterson, Durham Herald. REMOVE ROAD SIGNS The following resolutions have been sent out by the Kiwanis Club of the Sandhills: Be it resolved by the Kiwanis Club of Aberdeen: 1. That the roads of North CarO' lina are among the greatest assets of the State and most greatly promote its development; 2. That we are opposed to all use of road signs, save those necessary for traffic; 3. We consider the indiscriminate use of road signs tends to greater danger on our highways and they se riously mar the beauty of the land scape and the country traversed, and particularly the neatness and beauty of our towns and cities and the ap proaches to there; 4. That road signs not only mar the beauty of the country but they injure the reputation ^nd good name of the towns and of the State; 6. That road signs do not usually acomplish any legitimate purpose, for- (a) There is no guarantee back of them; (b) They are often false in fact; (c) They have been overdone and now constitute, generally, a nuisance. (These facts have been proven by the investigations of over a hundred and forty-two national advertisers and agencies, all of whom have decided to abandon road advertising when their present contracts expire.) Be it, therefore, further resolved: That we ask and urge the co-opera tion and assistance of all good citi zens in securing the removal of such road signs along the roads leading into Aberdeen, Southern Pines, Pine- hurst and Carthage, and the discon tinuance of the practice of erecting such signs; and, further, the aid and an effort, wherever possible, to make this reform State-wide in its scope. “Leisure in America still represents I one of our greatest social wastes, ” said ! Dr. Lies. Yet it is a boon for which i all through the ages the world has i striven. ” Whereas in the past only the few had it, now the masses have it, he as- : serted. The shorter workday, labor- I saving devices and wide extension of the use of electricity in homes and I factories have released, an abundance I of free time to use in one way or another, for weal or woe. “The great I question is as to whether we have here in hand a great national asset or a 1 great national liability. It can be ; either.” { “Someone has worked out the con- j elusion that in a lifetime of three score i and ten a man works only twelve years, j sleeps twenty-nine, and has the other twenty-nine for leisure,” he added, as the teachers laughed. He drew more laughter when he asserted that a man must know how to work, should know how to spend his leisure time, but that be did not have to have any training to know how to sleep.—Raleigh Times. LEISURE FOR ALL The average school child in Ameri ca really spends only ten percent of his total years’ time in school, thirty-seven percent in sleep and fifty-three percent in other ways, mainly in the pursuit of pleasure. Dr. Eugene T. Lies, of the Playground and Recreation Association of America, told the North Carolina Education- Association in session at Raleigh last week. His address to the teachers was, “The Challenge of the New Leisure.” CULTURE SPREAD BY R. F. D. Rural free delivery is praised by William A. Graham, state commis sioner of agriculture and president of the national association of commis sioners of agriculture. It brought the newspapers to the farmer. “Just a few years ago many of our people had to travel miles to get their mail and a daily paper in the country was a thing unheard of. Mail came but once, or, at most, twice a week and when it did come it brought only the possible letter and an advertising circular, but rarely a newspaper. “It is my conviction that the most important civic education a man can obtain is that which comes through the columns of the leading newspa pers and journals—the daily news papers in particular. “But the daily newspaper for the farmer was possible only, after the government had established rural free delivery. Here, again, was a master stroke on the part of the government in behalf of the rural population— another stroke along the line of broader knowledge of the relationships of agri culture to the state. “Of course, along with the rural free delivery came the telephone and later the radio, which things make the corporate limits of our cities practically co-extensive with those of the country. But the rural free delivery remains one of the most important gifts from the government to its rural people.” -Lincoln County News. IMMIGRATION IN 1927 During the year ending June 30,1927, immigrants admitted to this country numbered 336,176 and the number of emigrants was 73,366, making a net increase in immigrant aliens of 261,- 809. The excess of immigrants over emigrants of each of several nation alities is indicated below: Austria 648; Belgium 282;.: Czecho slovakia 1,264; Denmark 1,969; France 2,768; Germany 43,766; England 4,996; Scotland 11,170; Wales 1,024; Irish Free State 27,006; Lithuania 466; Netherlands 1,277; Norway 4,282; Poland 6,561; Rumania 22; Russia 941; Sweden 7,172; Switzerland 1,627; all other European peoples of which immigrants exceeded emigrants 1,733. Immigrants from Greece, Hungary, Italy, Finland, Portugal and Spain were fewer than the number of emigrants to these coun tries. Total immigration from Europe was 168,368 and the total emigration to Europe was 66,402. Emigration to the Orient exceeded immigration in the case of all countries except Syria and Palestine, the excess of immigrants from these two countries being 727. The greatest immigration was from other countries of the western hemis phere. The excess of immigrants over emigrants was distributed as follows: Canada 79,663; Newfoundland 2,687: Mexico 64,764; Cuba 1,422; all otbers 2,243.—Adapted from World Almanac. WOMEN INVESTORS An article entitled “Woman’s Invest ment Invasion,” in the Wall Street Journal of August 12th, gives some very interesting facts. The American Tele phone and Telegraph Company sends a million dividend cbeck-s this year to women stockholders, who own 4,0C0,- 000 shares of the stock of that corpora tion, with a present value of approxi mately $680,000,000. The dividends paid aggregate the enormous sum of $3^00,000. In other words, the women stock holders of one American utility an nually receive dividends almost equal to a Vanderbilt or Astor fortune of a generation ago. Seventy-one thousand one hundred and seventy-nine women hold stock in the Pennsylvania Railroad. In the United States Steel Corporation there are over 64,000 women stockholders. Over 40 percent of the stock of the Pacific Gas and Electric Company is owned by 16,806 women. Most of the large corporations interrogated by the Wall Street Journal indicated that the relative numi^er of women stockholders was increasing. The reports of a number of public utilities which have classified their stockholders by groups show that the housewives outnumber all other groups by a tremendous margin.—Public Ser vice. FARMERS LEND MONEY The Charlotte Observer, raising the question as to “what is news, ” which has often been a subject for discussion, undertakes to give what it regards as a practical illustration of what news is. And here is the news: In two North Carolina cour^ies, Columbus and Brunswick, the farmers actually have money to lend, and, more over, they are lending it at 6 percent interest. Farmers of these two coun ties for many years thought they could grow only cotton and corn, but then came tobacco and strawberries and on these two crops they have been mak ing themselves independent. Instead of being farmer borrowers, they have become farmer lenders. Commenting on this the Observer says, “in time we may expect to hear of a spread of conditions of this kind in the trucking belt along the North Carolina coast, and from the lower edges of South Carolina to the upper edges of Virginia where the soil has encouraged a di versification of farming and made the farmers of those sections money lenders. ” There are other parts of the South in which similar conditions exist.— Manufacturers Record. OUR DAILY PAPERS Forty dailies in North Carolina have a combined circulation of more than 300,000, it was revealed in preliminary information gathered by Frank Grist, commissioner of labor and printing, in his biennial report. This information shows forty daily papers in operation in North Carolirga, 161 weeklies, 20 semi-weeklies, 3 tri weeklies, 6 semi-monthlies, 36 monthlies, i semi-quarterly, 7 quarterlies, 1 semi annual. and 2 annuals. Seventy-nine of the papers are classi fied as Democratic, S3 as Independent- Democratic, 6 Republican, 1 Indepen dent-Republican,, 67 Independent, 26 religious, 4 fraternal, 1 temperance, 1 economical-social, 1 scientific, 2 labor, 3 trade and industrial, 6 agricultural, 20 educational and literary, 2 health, 1 banking, 1 historical, and 6 miscellan eous. The total circulation of all periodicals reporting was 2,026,926. BEAUTIFY SCHOOL GROUNDS White schools throughout Durham county are competing for a $76 prize offered by the board of education for the best kept school grounds. The teachers, the student bodies and the P. T. A. are assisting in the beauti fication of the grounds. At the Bragtown school the parents and teachers have planned an extensive program, which will not only result in the cleaning up of the grounds but also in the planting of shrubbery and prep aration of fiower beds. Much interest has been created among the schools. Everyone attached to the schools or living in their vicinity is try ing to get the prize for the institution in his respective community. Shrub». from the nearby forests are being dug up and transplanted on the grounds. These shrubs in most cases are evergreen trees which will even tually add much to the appearance of the rural schools.—Durham Herald. INCOME IN THE UNITED STATES, 1926 The States Ranked According to Income Per Capita The following table gives the estimated current income of the people of each state in 1926 and ranks the states according to income per capita. The table is based on estimates of the National Bureau of Economic Research. The national income in 1926 was nearly ninety billion dollars ($89,682,000,-» 000). This is equivalent to $766 for each person in the United States or $2,010 for each person gainfully occupied. Nevada led the states with an income of $1,169 per capita, and Alabama ranked last with only $383 for each inhabitant. North Carolina ranked forty- fourth with $480 per capita. The aggregate income of the state was estimated at $1,228,643,000. Department of Rural Social-Economics. University of North Carolina Estimated Income Estimated Income Rank State income per Rank State income per (000 omitted) capita (000 omitted) capita 1 Nevada $ 89,682.. ..$1,159 26 Wisconsin $ 2,080,622.... $ 721 2 New York ..13,048,731.. ...1,164 26 Nebraska . 977,634.... . 706 3 Massachusetts .. 4,412,364.. ...1,051 27 Arizona 313,887.... . 706 4 California .. 4,188,149.. ... 970 28 Minnesota .. 1,811,576.... . 683 5 Wyoming .. 224,206.. ... 960 29 Idaho ■ 340,792.... . 663 6 Illinois .. 6,806,864,. ... 946 30 Utah . 331,823.... . 646 7 Rhode Island.. .. 646,710.. ... 932 31 Montana . 448,410 .. 646 8 Maryland .. 1,928,163.. ... 916 32 North Dakota. 412,637.... . 644 9 New Jersev.... . 3,282,361.. ... 892 33 Texas . 3,246,488.... . 611 10 Connecticut.... . 1,476,976.. ... 882 34 Oklahoma . 1,390,071.... . 694 11 Pennsylvania . .. 8,331,468.. ... 866 36 West Virginia. - 968,666.... . 680 12 Delaware 206,269.. ... 860 36 New Mexico... . 224,205.... . 678 13 Oregon . 744,361.. ... 848 37 Louisiana . 1,013,407.... . 628 14 Washington.... . 1,291,421.. ... 840 38 Virginia . 1,264,616.... . 502 16 New Hampshire 376,664.. ... 830 39 Kentucky 1,246,680.... . 494 16 Colorado .. 869,916.. ... 822 40 South Dakota. . 484,283.... . 466 17 Ohio .. 6,389,888 . ... 817 41 Tennessee - 1,086,162.... . 440 18 Michigan . 3,606,666.. ... 798 42 South Carolina 798,170.... . 437 19 Maine .. 600,869.. ... 761 42 Georgia . 1,372,136.... . 437 20 Iowa .. 1,838,481.. .. 768 44 North Carolina..!.228.64.“^ . 430 21 Kansas . 1,390,071.. ... 763 46 Florida 638,092.... . 408 22 Vermont . 260,078... .. 738 46 Arkansas 771,266.... . 406 23 Missouri . 2,646,969... ... 728 47 Mississippi . 690,661.... . 386 24 Indiana . 2,268,966 . ... 726 48 Alabama . 977,684.... . 383
The University of North Carolina News Letter (Chapel Hill, N.C.)
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April 11, 1928, edition 1
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